描述: 从最基本的层面来说，能量被定义为一个系统做功的能力。然而，这一定义并没有反映出能量丰富、多层次的特性，以及它从基本粒子尺度到整个宇宙的不同表现形式。物理学的基本原理之一是总能量始终保持不变。能量有多种形式（如动能、重力势能、热能），视具体情况而定，并可从一种形式转化为另一种形式。相对论物理学描述了质量与能量之间的内在联系。能量的单位是焦耳，它量化了一牛顿的力使物体移动一米的距离所作的功。然而，在粒子物理学中，能量是用电子伏特来表示的。

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