词条 近日点
描述: 太阳系中的大多数天体都是椭圆轨道，太阳位于其中一个焦点。近日点是轨道上天体距离太阳最近的点。从数学上来说，该点标志着椭圆长轴的一端。其中 "peri" 表示最近点， "helion" 表示太阳。因此，只有当中心体是太阳时才可以使用这个词。当中心天体是一颗非太阳恒星时，术语为 "periastron" ；当绕行的中心体是地球时，术语为 "perigee" 。无论中心天体是什么，通用的术语是 "periapsis" 。
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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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其他语言版本
- 阿拉伯语: الحضيض الشمسي
- 德语: Perihel
- 英语: Perihelion
- 法语: Périhélie
- 意大利语: Perielio
- 日语: 近日点 (外部链接)
- 韩语: 근일점
- 繁体中文: 近日點
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Halley's Comet
图注： Halley’s Comet, is a well-known periodic comet, named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. It has an orbital period of approximately 75 years and is visible from Earth with the naked eye when it passes through the inner solar system.
The image shows Halley’s Comet, officially designated 1P/Halley, with a tail of gas and dust streaming away from the Sun. It was taken from the La-Silla-Observatory in Chile in 1986 during Halley's Comet's last visit to the inner solar system. The stars in this image appear elongated or as lines of three different colored dots as image was created from three separate observations in different colors of light and the telescope was tracking the comet, which was moving very slightly compared to the background stars. Note that the comets tail does not point in exactly the same direction as the elongation of the stars. This shows us that the comet tail is not always behind the comet, but instead pointing away from the Sun.
The comet passes its perihelion (closest distance to the Sun) at a distance of around 0.59 astronomical units, right between the orbits of Mercury and Venus. Beyond Neptune, it reaches its aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) at a distance of approximately 35 astronomical units. Halley's Comet reached aphelion in December 2023 and is now moving inwards again. It is expected to be seen with the naked eye from Earth again in mid-2061.
来源： ESO
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