Glossary term: 仙女座星系
Description: 仙女座星系是一個螺旋星系，與我們的銀河系類似，但大小是銀河系的兩倍。它是在北半球唯一肉眼可見的河外星系，儘管只能在遠離城市燈光的黑暗處看到。它也被稱為M31，源自法國天文學家夏爾·梅西耶（Charles Messier），他創建了一個包含110個天體的星表，其中仙女座星系位於第31位。
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See this term in other languages
Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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In Other Languages
- 阿拉伯語: مجرة المرأة المسلسلة
- 孟加拉語: অ্যান্ড্রোমিডা ছায়াপথ
- 德語: Andromedagalaxie
- 英語: Andromeda Galaxy
- 西班牙語: Galaxia de Andrómeda
- 法語: Galaxie d'Andromède
- 印地語: एंड्रोमेडा आकाशगंगा
- 義大利語: Galassia di Andromeda
- 日語: アンドロメダ銀河 (external link)
- 韓語: 안드로메다은하
- 馬拉提語: अॅन्ड्रोमेडा
- 巴西葡萄牙語: Galáxia de Andrômeda
- 簡體中文: 仙女座星系
Related Media
冬季銀河
Caption: 2022 年國際天文學聯合會 OAE 天體攝影比賽靜態天體圖案類獲獎作品。
本影像攝於2019年2月意大利威尼託大區的密蘇里納湖（Lago di Misurina），呈現冬夜星空與雪原交輝的奇景。
銀河弧光下，夜空中最亮的天狼星（Sirius/大犬座α）閃耀於東南方。在希臘神話中，這顆"燃燒者"隸屬獵戶座忠犬——大犬座（Canis Major）。其左側的小犬座（Canis Minor）以"先犬星"（Procyon/南河三）為主導，該星名暗示其先於天狼星升起的特性。獵戶座位於大犬座右側，其標誌性"腰帶三星"清晰可辨。
獵戶座右上方樹冠處，金牛座的畢宿星團（Hyades）與昴星團（Pleiades）構成傳說中的"天界之門"，此處恰為黃道與銀河兩大天球基準圈的交匯點。希臘神話中，金牛化身喻指宙斯誘拐腓尼基公主歐羅巴的傳說。
金牛座上方銀河弧緣，御夫座主星五車二（Capella）粲然生輝。這顆恆星在印度教中被視為創世神梵天之心，而巴西博羅羅原住民則將御夫座部分星群與鄰座恆星共組"凱門鱷星座"。
金牛座右側可見英仙座（Perseus），其內的英仙座h+χ雙星團被古希臘人視為英雄珀爾修斯神劍的寒光。這位斬殺海怪、解救安德洛墨達的傳奇人物，其故事經奧維德史詩流傳至今。影像中同樣可見呈W形的仙後座（Cassiopeia）——希臘詩人阿拉托斯筆下象徵"天國之鑰"的星群，在印度天文傳統中對應莎米什塔公主，在泰國喻指蝙蝠，於阿拉伯古星象中則化身駱駝。
林木間隙處，肉眼可辨的仙女座星系（Andromeda Galaxy）靜靜懸浮。
Credit: Giorgia Hofer/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
A visible light image of the Andromeda Galaxy
Caption: The Andromeda Galaxy viewed in visible light. Like our Milky Way, Andromeda is a barred spiral galaxy. Here we can see its bright core and spiral disk. The glow from the stars in the disk is interrupted by lanes of dust that form part of its spiral structure.
Andromeda is the largest galaxy in the Local Group of galaxies that includes the Milky Way.
To the left of the core and just above the disk we see the dwarf galaxy M32 and to the right and below the disk we see the dwarf galaxy M110. These are both satellite galaxies of the Andromeda Galaxy.
Credit: Torben Hansen
credit link
License: CC-BY-2.0 Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic icons
Related Diagrams
仙女座星圖
Caption: 仙女座及其明亮恆星與周邊星座示意圖。從頂部開始沿順時針方向，仙女座周邊的星座依次為：仙後座、蠍虎座、 飛馬座、雙魚座、白羊座、三角座和英仙座。仙女座最亮的恆星壁宿一位於該星座的下部區域。它與飛馬座中的三顆恆星共同構成了著名的飛馬座四邊形這一星群。從壁宿一向東北方向延伸，接下來兩顆明亮的恆星奎宿九和天大將軍一連成一條明顯的星鍊。
仙女座是北天星座，在北半球秋季的夜空中最為顯著。整個北半球和南半球大部分溫帶地區均可觀測到該星座，但在南極及亞南極地區則完全不可見。
仙女座最著名的天體——仙女座星系在圖中以紅色橢圓標注，它的梅西耶星表編號是M31。左邊的黃色圓圈標出了疏散星團NGC 752的位置，右邊的綠色圓圈標出了行星狀星雲NGC 7662（藍色雪球星雲）。
該圖的縱軸為赤緯，橫軸為赤經，方向為上北下南左東右西。圖中標注的恆星大小對應其視星等——衡量天體視亮度的標準，較大的圓點代表著較亮的恆星。圖中的希臘字母標注著星座中最亮的恆星。這些恆星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被標記為α星，第二亮的一般為β星，等等，不過這種字母排序並不總是和實際亮度排序完全一致。圖中虛線標注的是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界，綠色實線則是一種常見的星座形象連線。需要注意的是，在實際觀測時，這些邊界與連線都不會出現在天空中。
Credit: 國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室（IAU OAE）根據國際天文學聯合會和《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Cassiopeia Constellation Map
Caption: The constellation Cassiopeia along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Cassiopeia is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top):Cepheus, Andromeda, Perseus and Camelopardalis.
Cassiopeia is a northern constellation that is visible from all of the northern hemisphere and equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring.
The open star clusters M52, M103, NGC 457 and NGC 663 all lie in this constellation. These are marked with yellow circles. Two dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185 lie in the southern part of the constellation. These are marked with red ellipses and are gravitationally bound to the larger Andromeda galaxy which lies to the south in the constellation of Andromeda.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Triangulum Constellation Map
Caption: The constellation Triangulum with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Triangulum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Andromeda, Pisces, Aries and Perseus.
Triangulum is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Triangulum is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.
The Triangulum Galaxy M33 lies in the constellation. This spiral galaxy is the third largest member of the local group of galaxies after the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way. It is marked here with a red ellipse.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Related Activities
3D Universe: the Milky Way and friends
astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website) Description: Use tactile models printed in 3D to explore our galactic neighborhood.
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Age Ranges:
10-12
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, 19+
Education Level:
Middle School
, Secondary
, University
Areas of Learning:
Guided-discovery learning
, Interactive Lecture
, Modelling
Costs:
Medium Cost
Duration:
1 hour
Group Size:
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Skills:
Analysing and interpreting data
, Developing and using models
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