词条日食

指向 日全食

描述: 若地球、月球和太阳排成一条直线，且月球位于地球和太阳之间，则会发生日食。从地球表面观测时，月球圆面覆盖了天空中的太阳圆面；在太空中观测时，我们可以看到月球的影子在地球的昼半球上移动。

日食有不同的类型。日全食是指月球圆面完全覆盖太阳；日偏食是指即使在食甚时，太阳圆面也只有一部分被覆盖；日环食是指月球与地球的距离比平均值远，因此看起来比平时小，即使在食甚时也能看到太阳圆面的一圈圆环。

日全食期间，地球上月影最暗处称为“本影”，月影边缘称为“半影”。位于本影内的观测者看到的是日全食，而位于半影内的观测者看到的是日偏食。

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其他语言版本

阿拉伯语: الكسوف الشمسي
德语: Sonnenfinsternis
英语: Solar Eclipse
法语: Eclipse solaire
意大利语: Eclissi solare
日语: 日食 (外部链接)
繁体中文: 日食

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日全食

图注： 这张照片记录了在孟加拉国库里格拉姆观测到的日全食。日食发生时，从地球上看，月球经过太阳前方时。尽管月球的体积远小于太阳，但由于月球距离地球更近，两者的角直径几乎相同（约为半根手指的宽度）。因此，当月球恰好位于太阳和地球之间时，能够完全遮住太阳的盘面。环绕黑色圆盘的光环被称为日冕。
来源： 卢特法尔-拉赫曼-尼尔哈尔来源链接

License: CC-BY-3.0 知识共享许可协议 Attribution 3.0 Unported 图标

The dark, irregular shape of Phobos crosses the lower portion of the Sun’s disk, obscuring roughly one quarter of it.

Transit of Phobos from Mars

图注： This video shows the Sun viewed from Mars as Mars’ moon Phobos transits across the solar disk. This video is composed of images taken from the Martian surface on the 30th of September 2024 by the Mastcam-Z camera of NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover. While our Moon is perfectly sized to eclipse the Sun when seen from the Earth’s surface, Phobos’s size and orbit mean that it cannot cover the solar disk completely. This means that this event is a transit and not an eclipse. This video is in real time, with the entire transit lasting just 32 seconds. This compares with the several hours a solar eclipse on Earth takes from the Moon first obscuring part of the Sun to the Sun being completely visible again. This is due to Phobos’ much shorter orbital period of just over seven and a half hours compared to the Moon’s orbital period of 27 days as well as the solar disk appearing slightly smaller from Mars than it does from Earth. Note the non-spherical shape of Phobos as it crosses the solar disk.
来源： NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域图标

Over an observatory with several domes the Moons slowly covers the Sun leaving a thin, glowing ring.

A total solar eclipse over the La Silla Observatory, Chile

图注： A real-time video showing the total solar eclipse on the 2nd of July 2019 over the La Silla Observatory in Chile. This video covers the moments before totality, the just under two minutes of totality, and the moments after totality. Note that at the start of the video the Sun was already almost completely obscured by the Moon, it is just hard to see due to the brightness of the Sun and the exposure of the camera. Indeed the Moon started partially eclipsing the Sun roughly an hour before the start of this recording and would continue to partially obscure the Sun for roughly the same time afterwards. At the point of totality one can see the faint glow of the Sun’s diffuse outer regions and on the horizon one can also see the glow from the parts of the surrounding areas on Earth that are not experiencing totality.
来源： ESO/A. Santerne 来源链接

License: CC-BY-4.0 知识共享许可协议署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标

A large, circular shadow, about one half the width of North America slowly moves across the continent from south-west to north-east

2024 Total Solar Eclipse from Space

图注： The NASA Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) captured the total solar eclipse over North America on the 8th of April, 2024 from space using its Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC). This video shows images of Earth taken over the course of four and a half hours. The Moon’s shadow on the Earth can be seen as it moves from south-west to north east. While the shadow looks like it covers a huge part of the continent, only a strip up to 185 km wide in the middle of the eclipse's path saw a total eclipse at some point on this day and at any one time only the central part of the shadow would have experienced a total solar eclipse. Most of the area covered by this shadow only saw a partial eclipse. DSCOVR sits at L1, a stable gravitational point between the Sun and Earth and observes the day side of the Earth.
来源： NASA/DSCOVR EPIC team/Michala Garrison and Wanmei Liang 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域图标

The Moon moves from top right to bottom right, covering then uncovering the Sun. At totality wispy features surround the Sun

Total Solar Eclipse from Casper, Wyoming, USA

图注： This video shows the total solar eclipse of the 21st of August 2017 observed from Casper, Wyoming, USA by a team of astronomers from the European Space Agency (ESA). This video has been sped up considerably, in reality the moment of totality lasted just under two and a half minutes while the time from the Moon first appearing to obscure the Sun until the Sun was completely unobscured was two hours and 48 minutes. Before the eclipse we can see several sunspots on the Sun. The Moon moves across the Sun, covering the whole solar disk visible from the point on the Earth this video was taken from. At totality we can see the diffuse solar corona which is normally outshone by the bright solar disk. Note that while edges of the Sun appear brighter just before and just after totality, this is due to exposure time of the camera being adjusted to make the features visible at totality more obvious. Towards the end of the video some thin cloud begins to affect the observations.
来源： Video credit: ESA/CESAR ; Music copyright: Flight Of The Angel 3 by Chris Blackwell, audionetwork.com 来源链接

License: CC-BY-SA-3.0-IGO 知识共享许可协议 Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO 图标