Glossary term: 哈雷彗星
Description: 哈雷彗星可以說是最著名的彗星，因為它是唯一一個肉眼可見的短週期彗星，且週期足夠短（約75年），使人們在一生中有機會見到它兩次。哈雷彗星上一次造訪是在1986年，預計將於2061年再次回歸。它以英國天文學家埃德蒙·哈雷的名字命名，他是第一個計算出該彗星週期並預測其下次回歸的科學家。哈雷注意到1531年、1607年和1682年出現的彗星軌道非常相似，推斷這些彗星其實是同一顆彗星多次造訪內太陽系。他成功預測了該彗星在1758年的回歸。
哈雷彗星曾被“織女星號”和“喬托號”探測器探訪。這些任務發現，彗星的塵埃主要由硅酸鹽、鐵和鎂組成，此外還含有碳氫氧氮化合物（CHON）。彗星的核心主要由冰構成。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
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In Other Languages
- 阿拉伯語: مذنب هالي
- 德語: Halleyscher Komet
- 英語: Halley's Comet
- 西班牙語: El Cometa Halley
- 法語: La comète de Halley
- 義大利語: La cometa di Halley
- 日語: ハレー彗星 (external link)
- 巴西葡萄牙語: Cometa Halley
- 簡體中文: 哈雷彗星
Related Media
Halley's Comet
Caption: Halley’s Comet, is a well-known periodic comet, named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley. It has an orbital period of approximately 75 years and is visible from Earth with the naked eye when it passes through the inner solar system.
The image shows Halley’s Comet, officially designated 1P/Halley, with a tail of gas and dust streaming away from the Sun. It was taken from the La-Silla-Observatory in Chile in 1986 during Halley's Comet's last visit to the inner solar system. The stars in this image appear elongated or as lines of three different colored dots as image was created from three separate observations in different colors of light and the telescope was tracking the comet, which was moving very slightly compared to the background stars. Note that the comets tail does not point in exactly the same direction as the elongation of the stars. This shows us that the comet tail is not always behind the comet, but instead pointing away from the Sun.
The comet passes its perihelion (closest distance to the Sun) at a distance of around 0.59 astronomical units, right between the orbits of Mercury and Venus. Beyond Neptune, it reaches its aphelion (furthest distance from the Sun) at a distance of approximately 35 astronomical units. Halley's Comet reached aphelion in December 2023 and is now moving inwards again. It is expected to be seen with the naked eye from Earth again in mid-2061.
Credit: ESO
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