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Glossary term: Levantamento Astronômico

Description: Um levantamento astronômico é um conjunto de dados astronômicos obtidos por meio de observações de todo o céu ou de uma região dele. Esses levantamentos geralmente contêm informações sobre as posições dos objetos astronômicos que catalogam em um determinado momento, bem como sobre seus brilhos, cores e outras propriedades. Grandes levantamentos astronômicos mapeiam o céu tanto para fornecer dados para pesquisas astronômicas quanto para ajudar na seleção de alvos para grandes telescópios.

O projeto de um levantamento astronômico dependerá de seus objetivos científicos; por exemplo, se visa o céu inteiro, grandes partes do céu ou apenas áreas menores. Levantamentos que cobrem áreas menores do céu, conhecidos como levantamentos de feixe estreito, podem dedicar mais tempo à observação de uma mesma região e, por isso, são capazes de detectar objetos mais tênues do que alguns levantamentos de maior abrangência.

Os levantamentos astronômicos podem abranger partes específicas do espectro eletromagnético, como ondas de rádio ou o infravermelho, ou podem combinar dados de diferentes faixas de comprimento de onda.

Alguns levantamentos astronômicos realizam observações repetidas da mesma parte do céu, permitindo o estudo científico do movimento dos objetos pelo céu e da variação no brilho dos objetos astronômicos ou do surgimento de objetos transitórios, como supernovas. Ao medir a variação anual nas posições, os astrônomos também podem calcular a distância dos objetos usando o paralaxe. Outro tipo de levantamento astronômico é o levantamento espectroscópico, que mede os espectros de milhares (ou milhões) de estrelas, galáxias e outros objetos astronômicos.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Credit: Richard White (STScI), Pan-STARRS1 Science Consortium credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Infrared all-sky survey map with bright Milky Way band and scattered sources across the sky.

WISE Survey Capturing the Whole Sky in Infrared Light

Caption: This image presents the entire sky mapped in infrared light from space by the WISE satellite. While dust in the plane of the Milky Way blocks visible light, obscuring the heart of our Galaxy, infrared light passes through the dust. The most prominent feature is the broad, bright band running horizontally through the centre — this is the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. Numerous brighter knots and patches appear above and below the band, marking regions of active star formation and nearby galaxies. Such a dataset is a classic example of an astronomical survey, in which large portions of the sky is scanned to build a comprehensive catalogue of cosmic sources. The WISE satellite operated in space, allowing it to study parts of the infrared spectrum blocked by Earth's atmosphere.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons

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