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Glossary term: Supernova

Description: Uma supernova é uma explosão estelar massiva. As supernovas tornam-se, por um breve período, os objetos mais luminosos da sua galáxia, antes de desaparecerem ao longo de alguns anos. Existem dois caminhos principais que levam às supernovas. A primeira (Tipo Ia) envolve uma anã branca acumulando matéria de uma estrela companheira em um sistema binário. Quando a anã branca se se torna instável, seja por atingir uma massa superior a 1,4 massas solares (conhecida como limite de Chandrasekhar) ou por acumular hélio suficiente em sua superfície, ela explode, sem deixar remanescente. O outro caminho principal que forma uma supernova (Tipo II) é a evolução de uma estrela com massa superior a oito massas solares. No final da evolução dessa estrela, ela explode, resultando em uma estrela de nêutrons ou (para as estrelas mais massivas) um buraco negro de massa estelar.

As supernovas são a fonte de muitos dos elementos químicos, especialmente aqueles mais pesados que o magnésio.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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Uma estrela de nêutrons aparece como um ponto azul rodeado por camadas de material que se apresentam como anéis vermelhos e verdes.

Morte de uma estrela massiva

Caption: Uma imagem em vários comprimentos de onda, obtida por telescópios terrestres e espaciais de uma estrela de nêutrons na nossa galáxia vizinha, a Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães. Uma estrela de nêutrons (aqui visível como um ponto azul cercado por um anel vermelho) é o produto final do colapso gravitacional, compressão e explosão de uma estrela massiva, permanecendo incorporada ao seu remanescente de supernova (em verde).
Credit: ESO/NASA, ESA e a Equipe Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)/F. Vogt et al. credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


An irregular blue bubble with mottled red inside it on a field of background stars

Remnant of SN 1006

Caption: This image shows the remnant of the supernova SN 1006. This was probably the result of a white dwarf that accreted so much material from a binary companion star that the white dwarf exploded (this is called a Type 1a supernova by astronomers). This explosion happened several thousand years ago, however it took time for the light from this event to reach Earth, only arriving in the year 1006. This bright explosion was noticed by observers across the Earth and its appearance was noted in the records of many different societies. Here we see the effect that supernova has had on its surroundings in the galaxy. The force of the explosion has blown a huge bubble in the surrounding interstellar gas with a hot shockwave at its edge. The image appears to be a simple color picture but it actually represents light far beyond what our eye can see. The blue is X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the yellow and orange are data from optical telescopes and the red is detections in radio waves from the Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. The bright blue of the outer shell shows the gas there is very hot and that the explosion produced energetic shock waves.
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Rutgers/G.Cassam-Chenai, Hughes et al.; Radio: NRAO/AUI/NSF/GBT/VLA/Dyer, Maddalena & Cornwell; Optical: Middlebury College/F.Winkler, NOAO/AURA/NSF/CTIO Schmidt & DSS credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons

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