词条科学模型

描述: 科学模型可以是物理的、数学的、概念的或类比的，其目的是表示和/或解释某个过程、系统或现象的某些方面。科学模型也可以用于进行预测，但这并不意味着不进行预测的模型就不是科学的。科学模型并不总是“真实”世界的表征，而是帮助我们探索那些抽象、无形且难以理解的概念的工具。例如，地心模型虽然不代表太阳系的现实，但在讨论与天球有关的概念时仍然会使用。有时需要多个模型来完整地解释一个概念。

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词条和定义状态： 该术语的英文原始定义已通过天文研究人员和教师的审核
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其他语言版本

阿拉伯语: النموذج العلمي
德语: Wissenschaftliches Modell
英语: Scientific Model
西班牙语: Modelo científico
法语: Modèle scientifique
意大利语: Modello scientifico
韩语: 과학적 모델
马拉地语: वैज्ञानिक नमुना किंवा मॉडेल
巴西葡萄牙语: Modelo científico
繁体中文: 科學模型

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Image of part of a page of an old book, showing concentric circles (plus a little extra circle where the Earth is), labelled with Latin text.

Copernicus's heliocentric system

图注： Sketch of Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System, from his book "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (On the revolution of the heavenly spheres) published in 1543. Shown are the Sun as well as the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth (itself orbited by the Moon), Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The outermost circle represents the sphere of the stars. In this model, the Earth is not special – it is merely one planet, among several, orbiting the Sun. This was the first example for what is now known as the Copernican Principle: that our positions as observers in the universe is not special or privileged in any way. The shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric model of our universe is known as the Copernican revolution.
来源： Nicolaus Copernicus 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域图标

Views of Earth's Western & Eastern hemispheres. Each surrounded by 8 concentric semicircles for Moon, planets, Sun & stars.

A Geocentric chart from 1568

图注： This map, created in 1568 by the Portuguese cartographer Bartolomeu Velho, depicts the worldview of the time, when many scholars believed in a geocentric model of the cosmos — the idea that Earth sits at the centre of the Universe with the Sun, Moon, the five planets known at the time, and stars moving around it. Although primarily a navigational chart, the design and layout of this map were influenced by astronomical understanding rooted in geocentric thinking. The geocentric model was widely accepted for many centuries, especially in Europe, based on interpretations of celestial motions and philosophical traditions that placed Earth at the centre. It was only later, with observations by astronomers such as, Galileo Galilei, that this model was replaced by the heliocentric model, which places the Sun at the centre of the Solar System.
来源： Bartolomeu Velho 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域图标