词条 超新星
描述: 超新星是一种大规模的恒星爆发。超新星会短暂地成为星系中迄今为止最明亮的天体，然后在几年的时间里逐渐消失。产生超新星的途径主要有两种。第一种（Ia 型）是双星系统中白矮星从伴星吸收物质。一旦白矮星的质量超过 1.4 个太阳质量（钱德拉塞卡极限）或表面积累了足够多的氦，白矮星就会失去稳定性而爆炸，不留下任何残余物。形成超新星（II 型）的另一个主要途径是质量大于 8 个太阳质量的恒星的演化。在这种恒星演化的末期，它会发生爆炸，形成一颗中子星或（对于质量最大的恒星）恒星级黑洞。
超新星是许多化学元素的来源，尤其是那些比镁重的元素。
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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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其他语言版本
- 阿拉伯语: الانفجار الاعظم
- 德语: Supernova
- 英语: Supernova
- 波斯语: ابرنواختر
- 法语: Supernova
- 意大利语: Supernova
- 日语: 超新星 (外部链接)
- 繁体中文: 超新星
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大质量恒星的死亡
图注： 用地球上和太空中的望远镜拍摄到的邻近小麦哲伦云星系中一颗中子星的多波段图像。中子星（在这里被看作是被红色环包围的蓝色斑点）是大质量恒星引力坍缩、压缩和爆炸的最终产物，被嵌入其超新星残余物（绿色）中。
来源： ESO/NASA, ESA and Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)/F.Vogt et al.
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Remnant of SN 1006
图注： This image shows the remnant of the supernova SN 1006. This was probably the result of a white dwarf that accreted so much material from a binary companion star that the white dwarf exploded (this is called a Type 1a supernova by astronomers). This explosion happened several thousand years ago, however it took time for the light from this event to reach Earth, only arriving in the year 1006. This bright explosion was noticed by observers across the Earth and its appearance was noted in the records of many different societies.
Here we see the effect that supernova has had on its surroundings in the galaxy. The force of the explosion has blown a huge bubble in the surrounding interstellar gas with a hot shockwave at its edge. The image appears to be a simple color picture but it actually represents light far beyond what our eye can see. The blue is X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the yellow and orange are data from optical telescopes and the red is detections in radio waves from the Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. The bright blue of the outer shell shows the gas there is very hot and that the explosion produced energetic shock waves.
来源： X-ray: NASA/CXC/Rutgers/G.Cassam-Chenai, Hughes et al.; Radio: NRAO/AUI/NSF/GBT/VLA/Dyer, Maddalena & Cornwell; Optical: Middlebury College/F.Winkler, NOAO/AURA/NSF/CTIO Schmidt & DSS
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License: PD 公共领域 图标
