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This page describes an image Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

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Caption: This image is a representation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation created using data from the Planck satellite. The CMB is the glow left over from when the Universe was approximately 380,000 years old. The early Universe was hot and dense, so the photons from that era were high energy. Due to the expansion of the Universe over 13.8 billion years photons of ""light"" from the early Universe have been stretched to longer wavelengths and are detectable in millimetre wavelengths (microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum). The ""mottled"" pattern in the image is referred to as anisotropies, and it represents very small temperature fluctuations. These fluctuations correspond to regions of slightly different densities, and are essentially the seeds for larger structure in the Universe e.g.: galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the very first stars.

The data from the CMB allows various characteristics of the Universe to be derived, for example, composition, shape, age, and allows for certain predictions to be made about the future evolution of the Universe.

The shape of the image is the result of a mapping projection, where the entire sky is mapped onto a single flat oval shape called Molleweide projection. The center of the Milky Way galaxy is located at the centre of the image.

Captions in other languages

Credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration Credit Link
Related glossary terms: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) , Cosmology
Categories: Cosmology

License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) icons

The media file captions presented on the OAE website were written, translated and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits for our translation project here. All media file captions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE". The media files themselves may have different licenses (see above) and should be credited as listed above under "credit".

Captions in Different Languages:

Arabic
Caption: هذه الصورة تمثل إشعاع الخلفية الكونية الميكروي، تم إنشاؤها باستخدام بيانات من القمر الصناعي بلانك. إشعاع الخلفية الكونية الميكروي هو الوهج المتبقي منذ أن كان عمر الكون حوالي 380 الف سنة. حيث كان الكون المبكر حارا وكثيفا، لذلك كانت الفوتونات من تلك الحقبة عالية الطاقة. بسبب توسع الكون على مدى أكثر من 13.8 مليار سنة ، فإن فوتونات "الضوء" من بدايات الكون قد امتدت إلى أطوال موجية أطول ويمكن اكتشافها بأطوال موجية مليمترية (منطقة الميكروويف من الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي). يُشار إلى النمط "المنقط" في الصورة باسم تباين الخواص ، وهو يمثل تقلبات صغيرة جدا في درجات الحرارة. تتوافق هذه التقلبات مع مناطق ذات كثافة مختلفة قليلاً ، وهي أساسًا بذور لبنية أكبر في الكون مثل: المجرات ، والعناقيد المجرية ، والنجوم الأولى.
تسمح البيانات المأخوذة من إشعاع الخلفية الكونية الميكروي بالتعرف على الخصائص المختلفة للكون على سبيل المثال التكوين والشكل والعمر وتسمح بتنبؤات معينة حول التطور المستقبلي للكون.
شكل الصورة هو نتيجة لإسقاط الخرائط ، حيث يتم رسم السماء بأكملها على شكل بيضاوي مسطح واحد يسمى إسقاط مولفيده. يقع مركز مجرة ​​درب التبانة في وسط الصورة.
Credit: حقوق الصورة تعود الى: وكالة الفضاء الاوربية/ تعاون بلانك العلمي
Related glossary terms: Cosmology , إشعاع الخلفية الكونية الميكروي
Caption translation status: Approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: Ali Al-Edhari
Caption reviewers: Ahmed Abulwfa

Italian
Caption: Questa immagine è una rappresentazione della radiazione cosmica di fondo a microonde (CMB) creata utilizzando i dati del satellite Planck. La CMB è il bagliore residuo risalente a quando l'Universo aveva circa 380.000 anni. L'Universo primordiale era caldo e denso, quindi i fotoni di quell'epoca erano ad alta energia. A causa dell'espansione dell'Universo nel corso di 13,8 miliardi di anni, i fotoni di "luce" dell'Universo primordiale sono stati allungati a lunghezze d'onda maggiori e sono rilevabili a lunghezze d'onda millimetriche (regione delle microonde dello spettro elettromagnetico). Il motivo "screziato" nell'immagine è definito anisotropia e rappresenta piccole fluttuazioni di temperatura. Queste fluttuazioni corrispondono a regioni di densità leggermente diversa e sono essenzialmente i semi di strutture più grandi nell'Universo, come le galassie, gli ammassi di galassie e le prime stelle.

I dati della CMB consentono di ricavare varie caratteristiche dell'Universo, ad esempio la composizione, la forma, l'età, e permettono di fare alcune previsioni sull'evoluzione futura dell'Universo.

La forma dell'immagine è il risultato di una proiezione di mappatura, in cui l'intero cielo è mappato su un'unica forma ovale piatta, denominata proiezione di Molleweide. Il cuore della Via Lattea si trova al centro dell'immagine.
Credit: Collaborazione ESA/Planck
Related glossary terms: Cosmologia , Fondo cosmico a microonde (CMB)
Caption translation status: Approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: Giuliana Giobbi
Caption reviewers: Rodolfo Canestrari