词条 恒星形成
描述: 恒星的诞生源于巨型分子云中被称为核心的低温致密区域的引力坍缩，这些区域大多位于星系的旋臂中。恒星的形成涉及复杂的物理过程，发生在不同的尺度上，由引力、压力、辐射、磁场、湍流、化学等作用造成，其中有些作用至今仍不甚明了。根据母云的质量和形成阶段的吸积过程，恒星的质量从 0.08 到几百个太阳质量不等。大多数恒星都不是孤立形成的，而是恒星群的一部分。在形成阶段，中心恒星周围会形成一个原恒星盘，最终为行星的形成提供原材料。
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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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其他语言版本
- 阿拉伯语: تشكّل النجوم
- 德语: Sternentstehung
- 英语: Star Formation
- 法语: Formation des étoiles
- 意大利语: Formazione delle stelle
- 日语: 星形成 (外部链接)
- 巴西葡萄牙语: Formação estelar
- 繁体中文: 恆星形成
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见证一颗恒星的诞生
图注： 阿塔卡马大毫米波/亚毫米波阵列（ALMA）和欧洲南方天文台新技术望远镜（NTT）拍摄的射电和可见光组合图像，揭示了赫比格-哈罗天体 HH 46/47 中一颗恒星的诞生过程。橙色和绿色的 ALMA 数据揭示了来自中央原恒星的高能喷流，由于尘埃遮挡和高密度气体的存在，该喷流在可见光波段被掩盖。粉色和紫色的 NTT 数据突出显示了喷流向观测者发射的可见光。
来源： ESO/ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/H.Arce. 致谢：Bo Reipurth
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恒星诞生环境
图注： 使用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵（ALMA）和甚大阵（VLA），拍摄了猎户座分子云中多颗原恒星形成的快照，更仔细地观察了每颗原恒星。对于恒星形成的过程和早期阶段，以及恒星从中形成的母云所产生的影响，这样的图像提供了独特的见解。
来源： ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), J. Tobin; NRAO/AUI/NSF, S. Dagnello; Herschel/ESA
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The Pillars of Creation in comparison
图注： The 'Pillars of Creation' are a renowned astronomical feature situated within the Eagle Nebula in the Serpens constellation. The illustration provides a direct comparison between images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), showcasing the pillars, which span several light years in diameter, in both visible light (also known as optical light) and infrared light. On the left are the pillars as seen by Hubble in visual light, taken in 2014. It displays dark pillars against an opaque background, with only a handful of visible stars. Conversely, the counterpart on the right is Webb’s near-infrared view published in 2022, penetrating the dust and revealing numerous stars of varying sizes.
Their distance from Earth is approximately 6,500 to 7,000 light years. Within these pillars, new stars are constantly forming, making them a subject of extensive study by astronomers. Composed mostly of cool molecular hydrogen and small amounts of interstellar dust, they are subject to erosion by the intense ultraviolet radiation emitted by nearby massive and newborn stars, a process known as photoevaporation.
来源： NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
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Herschel’s view of new stars and molecular clouds
图注： This image shows the Westerhout 3, 4 and 5 star formation regions. This area has huge amounts of gas and dust. This gas and dust hides the physical processes going on in this region from studies using visible light. This image was taken in infrared light by the Herschel Space Observatory. This infrared light allowed Herschel to see deep into these star forming regions.
In Westerhout 3, 4 and 5, huge, cold clouds of molecular hydrogen have collapsed into dense knots and filaments. Within these new structures the gas is dense and cold enough for it to collapse and form stars. These new stars give off powerful winds of charged particles, like stronger versions of the solar wind our sun gives off. These winds have combined to blow massive bubbles in the surrounding gas and dust. These are visible as the large darker voids in the image.
来源： ESA/Herschel/NASA/JPL-Caltech; acknowledgement: R. Hurt (JPL-Caltech)
来源链接
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