词条 月海
描述: 月海（mare）源自拉丁语，意为“海洋”，是月球上由玄武岩构成的一系列黑色平坦区域之一。这些区域被认为是古代火山喷发的结果，与浅色、古老、锯齿状的月球高地相比，它们留下了相对平滑平坦的地貌。它们的名字来源于其外观，与平坦的海面十分相似。我们现在知道这些地区非常干燥，没有地表水。
静海（Mare Tranquillitatis）是阿波罗 11 号登陆的地点，这是人类首次在月球上着陆的载人航天器。
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Moon map from the NASA Clementine mission
图注： A map of the Moon's surface constructed of images taken by the BMDO/NASA Clementine mission. The center of the image corresponds roughly to the center of the full moon. This map is a projection of the spherical moon onto a flat surface so the regions around the poles appear distorted, just as Antarctica appears distorted on a map of the Earth.
The large, dark patches in the center of the image are maria (singular mare). These are named after the Latin word for sea but they are not oceans like we have on Earth. Instead they are vast plains of basalt formed by lava that flowed out of volcanos on the moon billions of years ago. They appear darker and smoother than the older, lighter lunar highlands.
来源： USGS Astrogeology Science Center;
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Mare Crisium - Sea of Crises
图注： The image shows the lunar Mare Crisium, the “Sea of Crises,” as seen by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2015. The photo size is 750 × 750 km, about the size of Germany. Mare Crisium is located in the Moon’s Crisium basin, near the great Mare Tranquillitatis on the near side of the Moon. It is visible from Earth and is characterized by a relatively smooth and flat surface surrounded by cliffs and highlands. The basin that now contains the Mare Crisium was formed by a massive impact event likely during the Nectarian period approximately 3.9 billion years ago. During this time in lunar history, major basins including the Crisium basis were formed by large impact events. Later in lunar history, the basin was flooded by lava to form the dark and flat plain we see today. Its floor is about 1.8 kilometers below the typical lunar surface level. The study of lunar maria provides insights into the volcanic history and impact processes that have affected the Moon and other celestial objects.
来源： NASA, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
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