This page describes an image 恒星光譜類型
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Diagram caption:
按光譜類型排列的七顆恒星的光譜,從頂部的最熱(O 型)到底部的最冷(M 型)。x 軸錶示光的波長,y 軸錶示該波長接收到的光通量。每個光譜都經過歸一化處理(每個波長的光通量除以該光譜的最大光通量),然後將光譜沿 y 軸相互偏移,以便於觀察。400 納米到 700 納米之間的綫條顔色大緻與人眼看到的該波長光綫的顔色一緻。在 400 納米以下和 700 納米以上,人眼幾乎看不到光,因此這兩條綫的顔色分彆為藍色和紅色。
較熱的恒星在光譜的藍端有更多的通量,較冷的恒星在紅端有更多的通量。不過,恒星發射的通量總量取決於它的大小和溫度。因此,一顆熱恒星發齣的紅光會比同樣大小的冷恒星多,即使冷恒星發齣的光幾乎都是紅光,但由於上文提到的歸一化處理,這一點在本圖中並不明顯。光譜中的尖銳窄滴是由恒星大氣中的原子和離子引起的吸收綫。光譜綫的強度取決於恒星大氣的溫度。以波長 656.5 納米的氫綫為例。該圖中的所有恒星都主要由氫構成,但對於最熱和最冷的恒星來說,656.5 nm處的氫綫很弱,而對於光譜類型為A和F的恒星來說,氫綫最強。這是因為在A和F恒星大氣層的溫度下,氫在656.5 nm處比在較熱或較冷的恒星中吸收更多的光。
這裏最冷的恒星,即 M 型恒星,其光譜中的吸收帶很寬。這是因為這顆恒星足夠冷,大氣中含有氧化鈦等化閤物。這些化閤物在天文學中通常被稱為分子,它們會産生比原子或離子更寬的光譜吸收特徵。
Diagram credit: IAU OAE/SDSS/Niall Deacon.
Diagram translation status: Not yet approved by a reviewer
Diagram translators: An automated transliteration from the simplified Chinese translation by - Lin Shijie
Created with support from: OAE Main Office
Diagram license: Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Related glossary terms:
光譜
, 光譜類型
, 波長
Categories:
Stars
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Linked Diagrams
一顆 O 型恒星的光譜一顆 B 型恒星的光譜
A 型恒星的光譜
一顆 F 型恒星的光譜
一顆 G 型恒星的光譜
一顆 K 型恒星的光譜
一顆 M 型恒星的光譜
恒星光譜類型 - 波段
In Other Languages
英語: Stellar spectral types義大利語: Tipi spettrali stellari
法語: Types spectraux stellaires
西班牙語: Tipos espectrales estelares
阿拉伯語: الأنواع الطيفية النجمية
簡體中文: 恒星光谱类型
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