Glossary term: Sole
Description: Il Sole è la stella più vicina alla Terra. Per gli astronomi è una stella di tipo "G2V". Questa denominazione significa che il Sole è ancora nella sua fase primaria, piuttosto stabile, con una temperatura superficiale ("temperatura efficace") di 5800 Kelvin, che gli conferisce il suo colore caratteristico. Le stelle variano da più di 1000 volte più luminose del Sole a circa 1000 volte più deboli, ma quelle più luminose sono relativamente rare: il Sole è più luminoso (e più pesante) della maggior parte (forse circa l'85%) delle stelle della Galassia.
Per gli astronomi, il Sole è interessante perché, grazie alla sua vicinanza, la superficie può essere risolta in modo più dettagliato, permettendo di studiare strutture e fenomeni. Ad esempio, l'attività solare, che è legata ai campi magnetici del Sole: macchie solari (aree più fredde), brillamenti (lampi luminosi di breve durata) e persino espulsioni di massa coronale (particelle elettricamente cariche scagliate via dal Sole). I fisici hanno anche rilevato particelle elementari note come neutrini provenienti dal nucleo del Sole; si tratta di una prova diretta dei processi di fusione nucleare. L'elemento Elio è stato rilevato per la prima volta nello spettro solare, da cui il nome Elio, che deriva da Helios (nella mitologia greca il dio Sole).
Related Terms:
- Sequenza principale
- Fusione nucleare
- Brillamento solare
- Stella
- Macchia solare
- Temperatura effettiva
- campo magnetico
- neutrino
- Espulsione di massa coronale (CME)
See this term in other languages
Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
Related Media
Aloni invernali, di Thomas Gigl, Germania
Credit: Thomas Gigl/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY 4.0) icons
Macchie solari
Credit: NASA/SDO/HMI credit link
License: PD Public Domain icons
Brillamento solare
Credit: NASA/SDO credit link
License: PD Public Domain icons
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