Glossary term: Remanescente de supernova
Description: Um remanescente de supernova é a estrutura que resta após a explosão de uma supernova. Consiste em uma enorme estrutura de gás quente e plasma criada pelo choque da supernova. Em muitos remanescentes de supernova, o buraco negro ou a estrela de nêutrons formado a partir da estrela que explodiu na supernova também está presente, embora em alguns casos tenha sido ejetado pela força da explosão.
A energia explosiva de uma supernova gera uma onda de choque que atinge o gás interestelar circundante. Esse choque aquece e ioniza o gás circundante a temperaturas extremamente altas (mais de um milhão de kelvins). Esse gás quente emite luz em vários comprimentos de onda, sendo também uma fonte significativa de raios X. A onda de choque também acelera partículas a altas velocidades, tornando os remanescentes de supernova uma fonte significativa de raios cósmicos.
Ao observar a velocidade de expansão de um remanescente de supernova, os astrônomos podem estimar quanto tempo levaria para ele atingir seu tamanho atual. Isso permite que os astrônomos determinem aproximadamente quando a supernova explodiu. Vários grandes remanescentes de supernova na Via Láctea foram datados dessa forma e associados a supernovas observadas por astrônomos há centenas de anos.
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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In Other Languages
- Árabe: بقايا المستعر الأعظم
- Alemão: Supernova-Überrest
- Inglês: Supernova Remnant
- Francês: Rémanent de supernova
- Italiano: Resto di Supernova
- Japonês: 超新星残骸 (external link)
- Coreano: 초신성잔해
- Chinês Simplificado: 超新星遗迹
- Chinês Tradicional: 超新星遺跡
Related Media
Remnant of SN 1006
Caption: This image shows the remnant of the supernova SN 1006. This was probably the result of a white dwarf that accreted so much material from a binary companion star that the white dwarf exploded (this is called a Type 1a supernova by astronomers). This explosion happened several thousand years ago, however it took time for the light from this event to reach Earth, only arriving in the year 1006. This bright explosion was noticed by observers across the Earth and its appearance was noted in the records of many different societies.
Here we see the effect that supernova has had on its surroundings in the galaxy. The force of the explosion has blown a huge bubble in the surrounding interstellar gas with a hot shockwave at its edge. The image appears to be a simple color picture but it actually represents light far beyond what our eye can see. The blue is X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the yellow and orange are data from optical telescopes and the red is detections in radio waves from the Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. The bright blue of the outer shell shows the gas there is very hot and that the explosion produced energetic shock waves.
Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Rutgers/G.Cassam-Chenai, Hughes et al.; Radio: NRAO/AUI/NSF/GBT/VLA/Dyer, Maddalena & Cornwell; Optical: Middlebury College/F.Winkler, NOAO/AURA/NSF/CTIO Schmidt & DSS
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License: PD Public Domain icons
A Nebulosa do Caranguejo
Caption: A Nebulosa do Caranguejo está situada a 6500 anos-luz de distância, na constelação de Touro. Trata-se do remanescente de uma explosão de supernova causada por uma estrela massiva no final de sua vida. Isso aconteceu há vários milhares de anos, mas a luz dessa explosão só chegou à Terra no ano de 1054. Esse evento celeste foi visto por pessoas em todo o mundo, e várias sociedades diferentes registraram o fenômeno
A força da explosão da supernova lançou as camadas externas da estrela para o gás circundante. Aqui vemos isso como uma estrutura laranja borbulhante, à medida que a força da explosão anaça atraveś do gás circundante. Em seu centro está o Pulsar da Nebulosa do Caranguejo, uma estrela de nêutrons que é o que restou da estrela que explodiu. Essa estrela de nêutrons possui um forte campo magnético. Os elétrons na nebulosa movem-se nesse campo magnético, emitindo a luz azul difusa que vemos dentro da bolha alaranjada.
Credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester e A. Loll (Universidade Estadual do Arizona)
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License: PD Public Domain icons
Related Diagrams
Taurus Constellation Map
Caption: The constellation Taurus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Taurus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Perseus, Aries, Cetus, Eridanus, Orion, Gemini and Auriga. Taurus’s brightest star Aldebaran appears in the middle of the constellation. Taurus lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Taurus from mid May to late June. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Taurus.
Taurus lies mostly north of the celestial equator with a small part in the celestial southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to whole planet except for the Antarctic and a small region around the North Pole. Taurus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.
In the eastern part of Taurus we can find the supernova remnant M1 (commonly known as the Crab Nebula), marked here with a green square. In Taurus’s north-east find one of the sky’s most famous open stars clusters M45 (the Pleiades), marked here with a yellow circle. Many of the stars near Aldebaran (but not) Aldebaran are members of another star cluster, the Hyades. However this cluster is close to the solar system so is too dispersed on the sky to have a Messier object designation like the Pleiades has.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Cygnus Constellation Map
Caption: The constellation Cygnus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cygnus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Draco, Lyra, Vulpecula, Pegasus and Lacerta. Cygnus is notable for its brightest star Deneb. This forms one vertex of the prominent Summer Triangle asterism that is visible in northern hemisphere summer evenings.
Cygnus is a northern constellation and thus the whole of the constellation is visible at some point in the year in the whole northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from temperate southern regions.
The plane of the Milky Way runs through Cygnus and thus the constellation is rich in nebulae and star clusters. These include the North America Nebula (NGC 7000) and the Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888). The Veil Nebula is a huge supernova remnant, parts of which are marked here as NGC 6960 and NGC 6992/5. All of the previously-mentioned nebulae are marked with green squares. The planetary nebula NGC 6826 is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. The open star clusters M29 and M39 are marked here with yellow circles.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
